Endocrine Glands with Quiz

Endocrine Glands (Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland) Quiz

The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.

The Endocrine Glands MCQ’s for Medical Entrance Test

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Endocrine Glands (Hypothalamus And Pituitary Gland) Quiz

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More secretion  of MSH in pregnancy stimulates melanocytes in skin to produce a brown pigment named

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Diabetes insipidus is characterized by the lack of a hormone named

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Excess MSH is secreted in

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Prolactin stimulates

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Prolactin sometimes inappropriately called as

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In the presence of low levels of thyroxine there is increasing production of

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Release of thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) from hypothalamus is controlled by the levels of

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The pituitary gland is connected to brain through a short stalk called

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The name master gland is referred to

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The pituitary gland is also called as

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Endocrine Glands (Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland) Quiz

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What are Endocrine Glands?

The Endocrine glands are also called ductless glands. Hormones play a vital role in various activities in the body including growth and development. They also support the nervous system.

Endocrine glands in animals are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the pineal gland, the thyroid, the parathyroid, the thymus, the pancreas, the adrenal gland and the gonads.

What Does the Endocrine System Do?

Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to cells in other parts of the body. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction.

What are the major glands?

Many glands make up the endocrine system. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland are in your brain. The thyroid and parathyroid glands are in your neck. The thymus is between your lungs, the adrenals are on top of your kidneys, and the pancreas is behind your stomach.

List of endocrine glands and their hormones and functions

The endocrine system uses hormones to control and coordinate your body’s internal metabolism (or homeostasis) energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and environmental factors. Consider the following hormones and their role in the workings of the endocrine system, let’s look at the list of hormones and their functions:

Where the hormone is produced Hormone(s) secreted Hormone function

Adrenal glands

Aldosterone Regulates salt, water balance, and blood pressure

Adrenal glands

Corticosteroid Controls key functions in the body; acts as an anti-inflammatory; maintains blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and muscle strength; regulates salt and water balance

Pituitary gland

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) Affects water retention in kidneys; controls blood pressure

Pituitary gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Controls production of sex hormones (estrogen in women and testosterone in men) and the production of eggs in women and sperm in men.

Pituitary gland

Growth hormone (GH) Affects growth and development; stimulates protein production; affects fat distribution

Pituitary gland

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Controls production of sex hormones (estrogen in women and testosterone in men) and the production of eggs in women and sperm in men

Pituitary gland

Oxytocin Stimulates contraction of uterus and milk ducts in the breast

Pituitary gland

Prolactin Initiates and maintains milk production in breasts; impacts sex hormone levels

Pituitary gland

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones

Kidneys

Renin and angiotensin Controls blood pressure, both directly and also by regulating aldosterone production from the adrenal glands

Kidneys

Erythropoietin Affects red blood cell (RBC) production

Pancreas

Glucagon Raises blood sugar levels

Pancreas

Insulin Lowers blood sugar levels; stimulates metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat

Ovaries

Estrogen Affects development of female sexual characteristics and reproductive development, important for functioning of uterus and breasts; also protects bone health

Ovaries

Progesterone Stimulates the lining of the uterus for fertilization; prepares the breasts for milk production

Parathyroid glands

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Most important regulator of blood calcium levels

Thyroid gland

Thyroid hormone Controls metabolism; also affects growth, maturation, nervous system activity, and metabolism

Adrenal glands

Epinephrine Increases heart rate, oxygen intake, and blood flow

Adrenal glands

Norepinephrine Maintains blood pressure

Testes (testicles)

Testosterone Develop and maintain male sexual characteristics and maturation

Pineal gland

Melatonin Releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep

Hypothalamus

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) Regulates growth hormone release in the pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) Regulates thyroid stimulating hormone release in the pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Regulates LH/FSH production in the pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) Regulates adrenocorticotropin release in the pituitary gland

Thymus

Humoral factors Helps develop the lymphoid system

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