The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
The Endocrine Glands MCQ’s for Medical Entrance Test
Endocrine Glands (Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland) Quiz
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What are Endocrine Glands?
The Endocrine glands are also called ductless glands. Hormones play a vital role in various activities in the body including growth and development. They also support the nervous system.
Endocrine glands in animals are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the pineal gland, the thyroid, the parathyroid, the thymus, the pancreas, the adrenal gland and the gonads.
What Does the Endocrine System Do?
Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to cells in other parts of the body. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction.
What are the major glands?
List of endocrine glands and their hormones and functions
The endocrine system uses hormones to control and coordinate your body’s internal metabolism (or homeostasis) energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and environmental factors. Consider the following hormones and their role in the workings of the endocrine system, let’s look at the list of hormones and their functions:
Where the hormone is produced | Hormone(s) secreted | Hormone function |
---|---|---|
Adrenal glands |
Aldosterone | Regulates salt, water balance, and blood pressure |
Adrenal glands |
Corticosteroid | Controls key functions in the body; acts as an anti-inflammatory; maintains blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and muscle strength; regulates salt and water balance |
Pituitary gland |
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) | Affects water retention in kidneys; controls blood pressure |
Pituitary gland |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Controls production of sex hormones (estrogen in women and testosterone in men) and the production of eggs in women and sperm in men. |
Pituitary gland |
Growth hormone (GH) | Affects growth and development; stimulates protein production; affects fat distribution |
Pituitary gland |
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Controls production of sex hormones (estrogen in women and testosterone in men) and the production of eggs in women and sperm in men |
Pituitary gland |
Oxytocin | Stimulates contraction of uterus and milk ducts in the breast |
Pituitary gland |
Prolactin | Initiates and maintains milk production in breasts; impacts sex hormone levels |
Pituitary gland |
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones |
Kidneys |
Renin and angiotensin | Controls blood pressure, both directly and also by regulating aldosterone production from the adrenal glands |
Kidneys |
Erythropoietin | Affects red blood cell (RBC) production |
Pancreas |
Glucagon | Raises blood sugar levels |
Pancreas |
Insulin | Lowers blood sugar levels; stimulates metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat |
Ovaries |
Estrogen | Affects development of female sexual characteristics and reproductive development, important for functioning of uterus and breasts; also protects bone health |
Ovaries |
Progesterone | Stimulates the lining of the uterus for fertilization; prepares the breasts for milk production |
Parathyroid glands |
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | Most important regulator of blood calcium levels |
Thyroid gland |
Thyroid hormone | Controls metabolism; also affects growth, maturation, nervous system activity, and metabolism |
Adrenal glands |
Epinephrine | Increases heart rate, oxygen intake, and blood flow |
Adrenal glands |
Norepinephrine | Maintains blood pressure |
Testes (testicles) |
Testosterone | Develop and maintain male sexual characteristics and maturation |
Pineal gland |
Melatonin | Releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep |
Hypothalamus |
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) | Regulates growth hormone release in the pituitary gland |
Hypothalamus |
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) | Regulates thyroid stimulating hormone release in the pituitary gland |
Hypothalamus |
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) | Regulates LH/FSH production in the pituitary gland |
Hypothalamus |
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) | Regulates adrenocorticotropin release in the pituitary gland |
Thymus |
Humoral factors | Helps develop the lymphoid system |
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