Let’s study the topic of Synapse in Biology Together!
Synapse Physiology with Quiz, this will help you learn and test yourself with the short which is given at the bottom.
Synapse:
What is Synapse?
Synapses refer to the points of contact between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to the next. Synapses most often form between axons and dendrites, and consist of a presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic neuron.
- Therefore, synapse helps to relay or transmit information from one neuron to another neuron.
- There is no cytoplasmic connection between the two neurons there is only a gap present.
- There are two types of Synapse
1. Chemical Synapse
2. Electrical Synapse
Chemical Synapse:
- Majority of the synapse are chemical synapse and there is a gap present for the transmission of information.
- this gap ranges from more than 20nm.
- Chemical synapse occurs through messengers called Neurotransmitters.
- These neurotransmitters can be excitatory or inhibitory or both.
- the best example of Excitatory neurotransmitters is glutamate, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- And excitatory neurotransmitters carry excitatory impulse only.
- Inhibatory neutrotransmitters inhibit the impulse.
- Examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters are (GABA), glycine and serotonin
Electrical Synapse:
- Electrical synapse are specialized for rapid signal transmission.
- And the neuron cells are separated only by a gap of 0.2nm.
- Electrical synapse is quicker than chemical synapse.
Transmission of Nerve impulse across synapse:
This is a VERY easy process.
1. First we have the pre synaptic neuron and a post synaptic neuron.
2. When action potential which is a kind of a signal and it reaches the pre synaptic neuron there are synaptic knobs on pre synaptic neuron.
3. The CYTOPLASM of these synaptic knobs consist of spherical synaptic vesicles.
4. These synaptic vesicles consist of as many as 10,000 molecules of neurotransmitters.
5. Once the action potential is at the pre synaptic neuron the Ca ions diffuse into the k ob and break the vesicles which release the Neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
6. These neurotransmitters bind to the receptors on the post synaptic neuron.
7. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors which in turn gives way to Na ions to diffuse in and as a result generates an action potential on the post synaptic neuron, and is called Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential EPSP.
Now test yourself by solving this short quiz!
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